The role played by alternative splicing in antigenic variability in human endo-parasites, Parasites & Vectors

Endo-parasites that affect humans include Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, which remains one of the leading causes of death in human beings. Despite decades of research, vaccines to this and other endo-parasites remain elusive. This is in part due to the hyper-variability of the parasites surface proteins. Generally these surface proteins are encoded by a large family of genes, with only one being dominantly expressed at certain life stages. Another layer of complexity can be introduced through the alternative splicing of these surface proteins. The resulting isoforms may differ from each other with regard to cell localisation, substrate affinities and functions. They may even differ in structure to the extent that they are no longer recognised by the host’s immune system. In many cases this leads to changes in the N terminus of these proteins. The geographical localisation of endo-parasitic infections around the tropics and the highest incidences of HIV-1 infection in the same areas, adds a further layer of complexity as parasitic infections affect the host immune system resulting in higher HIV infection rates, faster disease progression, and an increase in the severity of infections and complications in HIV diagnosis. This review discusses some examples of parasite surface proteins that are alternatively spliced in trypanosomes, Plasmodium and the parasitic worm Schistosoma as well as what role alternate splicing may play in the interaction between HIV and these endo-parasites.

Antioxidants, Free Full-Text

Frontiers Identification of in vivo induced antigens of the malacosporean parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Cnidaria) using in vivo induced antigen technology

Comparative transcriptome profiles of Schistosoma japonicum larval stages: Implications for parasite biology and host invasion

Targeting the RNA G-Quadruplex and Protein Interactome for Antiviral Therapy

Alternative splicing and cancer: a systematic review

Alternative Splicing Provides a Broad Menu of Proteins for Cells

PDF) The role played by alternative splicing in antigenic variability in human endo-parasites

New insights into pathogen-mediated modulation of host RNA splicing

IJMS, Free Full-Text

Trans-splicing in trypanosomes: machinery and its impact on the parasite transcriptome

Redox-Assisted Protein Folding Systems in Eukaryotic Parasites

Infection by a helminth parasite is associated with changes in DNA methylation in the house sparrow - Lundregan - 2022 - Ecology and Evolution - Wiley Online Library

A comprehensive landscape of transcription profiles and data resources for human leukemia - ScienceDirect

Vaccines, Free Full-Text

Alternative splicing of cell surface receptors in Homo sapiens that