Various ways by which P. falciparum parasite evades the immune system via secreted extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by infected red blood cells (iRBCs), as well as other host cells, are important regulators of the balance that determines the disease outcome. In addition, EVs constitute a robust mode of cell-to-cell communication by transferring signaling cargoes between parasites, and between parasites and host, without requiring cellular contact. The transfer of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA through EVs not only modulate the immune response, it also mediates cellular communication between parasites to synchronize the transmission stage. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding EV roles during malaria.

Uncovering the Role of Erythrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Pathogens, Free Full-Text

Membranes, Free Full-Text

Manipulation of host innate immune responses by the malaria

The role of extracellular vesicles in Plasmodium and other

Frontiers Host-parasite interactions during Plasmodium infection

Extracellular vesicles secreted by Brugia malayi microfilariae

Life, Free Full-Text

Deceiving and escaping complement – the evasive journey of the

Exploring interactions between extracellular vesicles and cells

Sending a message: extracellular vesicles of pathogenic protozoan

Fast-Acting Small Molecules Targeting Malarial Aspartyl Proteases

TropicalMed, Free Full-Text

Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles secreted by parasitic

The parasitophorous vacuole of the blood-stage malaria parasite