Pathogens, Free Full-Text

Acute chagasic encephalitis is a clinically severe central nervous system (CNS) manifestation. However, the knowledge of the nervous form of Chagas disease is incomplete. The role of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) on mice behavior and brain lesions induced by Trypanosoma cruzi (Colombian strain) was herein investigated in mice treated with the mAChR agonist and antagonist (carbachol and atropine), respectively. Immunosuppressed or non-immunosuppressed mice were intracerebroventricularly (icv) or intraperitoneally (ip) infected. All groups were evaluated 15 d.p.i. (days post infection). Intraperitoneally infected animals had subpatent parasitemia. Patent parasitemia occurred only in icv infected mice. The blockade of mAChR increased the parasitemia, parasitism and lesions compared to its activation. Infected not treated (INT ip) mice did not present meningitis and encephalitis, regardless of immunosuppression. INT icv brains presented higher cellularity, discrete signs of cellular degeneration, frequent presence of parasites and focal meningitis. The immunosuppressed atropine + icv mice presented increased intracellular parasitism associated with degenerative parenchymal changes, while carbachol + icv mice presented discrete meningitis, preservation of the cortex and absence of relevant parasitism. Cholinergic receptor blockage increased impairment of coordination vs. receptor activation. Muscarinic cholinergic pathway seems to be involved in immune mediated cell invasion events while its blockade favored infection evolution, brain lesions, and behavioral alterations.

Evolution of pathogen tolerance and emerging infections: A missing experimental paradigm

What Are Pathogens?, Health, Biology

Frontiers Identification and Control of Latent Bacteria in in vitro Cultures of Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]

A culture-free biphasic approach for sensitive and rapid detection of pathogens in dried whole-blood matrix

NADases as weapons for both plant pathogens and their hosts

Pathogenic bacteria - Wikipedia

Understanding pathogen survival and transmission by arthropod vectors to prevent human disease

Features of pathogens. There are various types of pathogens including

Pathogen Definition and Examples - Biology Online Dictionary

Biochips for Direct Detection and Identification of Bacteria in Blood Culture-Like Conditions

Solved 1. What is epithelia, what is an example of

Plant pathology - Wikipedia

An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System: Cell