Biology, Free Full-Text

Por um escritor misterioso

Last updated 17 janeiro 2025

Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of organisms known for producing highly potent cyanotoxins that pose a threat to human, animal, and environmental health. These toxins have varying chemical structures and toxicity mechanisms and several toxin classes can be present simultaneously, making it difficult to assess their toxic effects using physico-chemical methods, even when the producing organism and its abundance are identified. To address these challenges, alternative organisms among aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates are being explored as more assays evolve and diverge from the initially established and routinely used mouse bioassay. However, detecting cyanotoxins in complex environmental samples and characterizing their toxic modes of action remain major challenges. This review provides a systematic overview of the use of some of these alternative models and their responses to harmful cyanobacterial metabolites. It also assesses the general usefulness, sensitivity, and efficiency of these models in investigating the mechanisms of cyanotoxicity expressed at different levels of biological organization. From the reported findings, it is clear that cyanotoxin testing requires a multi-level approach. While studying changes at the whole-organism level is essential, as the complexities of whole organisms are still beyond the reach of in vitro methodologies, understanding cyanotoxicity at the molecular and biochemical levels is necessary for meaningful toxicity evaluations. Further research is needed to refine and optimize bioassays for cyanotoxicity testing, which includes developing standardized protocols and identifying novel model organisms for improved understanding of the mechanisms with fewer ethical concerns. In vitro models and computational modeling can complement vertebrate bioassays and reduce animal use, leading to better risk assessment and characterization of cyanotoxins.

Skmer: assembly-free and alignment-free sample identification using genome skims, Genome Biology

Listen Free to Biology Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained by Tba with a Free Trial.

Unit 1 - Biology Basics - Review Guide ⋆

Free Full Text] RBM 007 - new approach for achondroplasia - Beyond Achondroplasia

Systems Biology Of Free Radicals And Antioxidants - Colaboratory

biology books Offline APK for Android Download

PDF) Protein structural biology using cell-free platform from wheat germ

Differences in the way a mammalian cell and yeast cells coordinate cell growth and cell-cycle progression, Journal of Biology

Premium Vector Biology 3d text effect vector download

The flowering plant: as illustrating the first principles of botany : Ainsworth Davis, J. R. (James Richard), 1861-1934 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive